![]() With more fuel, the explosion is bigger, forcing the piston down faster and therefore doing more work, or creating more power. Under high pressure, loads more fuel can be added, and the same spark that starts the combustion process in a regular engine starts this explosion. This compressed air then makes its way into the intake manifold/plenum. As it gets cooler, it gets denser, which allows yet more air to be forced into the piping. This air is channeled through boost pipes to the intercooler (or in some cases, a charge cooler), where it is cooled. The compressor, or cold side, of the turbo then has clean, fast-moving, compressed air. As that compressor wheel is spun, the air from the intake is helping to cool the air, as is the oil system between the hot and cold sides of the turbo. This side of the turbo sees fresh air supplied directly to the wheel via the front of the turbo, which gives the turbo added impetus to spin and fresh air. This causes the other side of the turbine to spin too, at the same rate. Going in this side of the turbo, the exhaust gasses spin the compressor on their way through, before exiting out the exhaust wheel and down the downpipe. On a turbo car, the same thing happens, but the collector joins with the hot side of the turbo. The exhaust manifold of a normally aspirated car runs its piping down to a collector, where these pipes join into one and become the exhaust. A turbo looks like it's one solid piece, but it has many parts a turbine in the middle is connected to both the compressor (cold) and exhaust (hot) sides. Now, to understand how a turbocharger works, we also need to understand how it is constructed. If your goal is 300 horsepower with a 2.0-liter engine, then adding a turbo would make the achievement of that figure far easier and therefore more economical. Basically, a turbocharger is a device whose sole purpose is to make an engine produce more power with less fuel and fewer cylinders than would otherwise be necessary. As a result, you need to rev the engine less to accelerate and thus ultimately burn less fuel. While this seems counterintuitive, the truth is that the car is able to produce more power while doing less work. With more air, the more fuel you can add. The denser the air in the engine is, the more oxygen is in the combustion chamber. With the turbocharger compressing the air in the engine so much, less fuel is needed for the engine to produce power. Second to that, it can also improve fuel economy, but this usually a by-product of the increased low-end torque that typically characterizes a turbocharged engine. The most obvious benefit to a turbocharger is that it increases power. Before we discuss how a turbocharger works, we need to understand why it is useful.
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